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Agaricus subrufescens
''Agaricus subrufescens'' (''syn.'' ''Agaricus blazei'', ''Agaricus brasiliensis'' or ''Agaricus rufotegulis'') is a species of mushroom, commonly known as almond mushroom, mushroom of the sun, God's mushroom, mushroom of life, royal sun agaricus, ''jisongrong'' or ''himematsutake'' (Chinese: 杏仁松茸, Japanese: 姫まつたけ, "princess matsutake") and by a number of other names. ''Agaricus subrufescens'' is a choice edible, with a somewhat sweet taste and fragrance of almonds. The fungus is also well known as a medicinal mushroom, for its purported medicinal properties, due to research which indicates it may stimulate the immune system.
==Taxonomy==
''Agaricus subrufescens'' was first described by the American botanist Charles Horton Peck in 1893. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was cultivated for the table in the eastern United States. It was discovered again in Brazil during the 1970s, and misidentified as ''Agaricus blazei'' Murrill, a species originally described from Florida. It was soon marketed for its purported medicinal properties under various names, including ABM (for ''Agaricus blazei'' Murrill), ''cogumelo do sol'' (mushroom of the sun), ''cogumelo de Deus'' (mushroom of God), ''cogumelo de vida'' (mushroom of life), ''himematsutake'', royal sun agaricus, ''Mandelpilz'', and almond mushroom.
In 2002, Didukh and Wasser correctly rejected the name ''A. blazei'' for this species, but unfortunately called the Brazilian fungus ''A. brasiliensis'', a name that had already been used for a different species, ''Agaricus brasiliensis'' Fr. (1830). Richard Kerrigan undertook genetic and interfertility testing on several fungal strains,〔 and showed that samples of the Brazilian strains called ''A. blazei'' and ''A. brasiliensis'' were genetically similar to, and interfertile with, North American populations of ''Agaricus subrufescens''. These tests also found European samples called ''A. rufotegulis'' to be of the same species. Because ''A. subrufescens'' is the oldest name, it has taxonomical priority.
Note that ''Agaricus blazei'' Murrill is a perfectly valid name, but for a completely different mushroom. ''Agaricus silvaticus'' Schaeff. is also a perfectly valid name for a common, north temperate, woodland mushroom. Neither is a synonym of ''Agaricus subrufescens''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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